This is known as idiopathic Horner syndrome. In some cases, the cause of Horner syndrome cannot be identified. Tumor of the hormonal and nervous systems (neuroblastoma).Injury to the neck or shoulders during delivery.The most common causes of Horner syndrome in children include: Cluster headaches, a disorder that results in cyclical patterns of severe headaches.Tumor or infection near the base of the skull.Damage to the jugular vein along the side of the neck.Damage to the carotid artery along the side of the neck.Nerve damage in this region may be associated with the following: This neuron path extends along the side of the neck and leads to facial skin and muscles of the iris and eyelids. Damage to the main blood vessel leading from the heart (aorta).Tumor of the myelin sheath (schwannoma).Causes related to nerve damage in this region may include: This neuron path extends from the spinal column, across the upper part of the chest and into the side of the neck. Cyst in the spinal column (syringomyelia).Diseases that cause the loss of the protective sheath on neurons (myelin).Problems in this region that can disrupt nerve function related to Horner syndrome include: A very rare pathology The condition is called a duplex pupula, a Latin term meaning double pupil, a strange disease caused by some genetic defect or mutation that would make vision impossible. This neuron pathway leads from the hypothalamus at the base of the brain, passes through the brainstem and extends into the upper portion of the spinal cord. The nerve pathway affected by Horner syndrome is divided into three groups of nerve cells (neurons). The sympathetic nervous system regulates heart rate, pupil size, perspiration, blood pressure and other functions that enable you to respond quickly to changes in your environment. These movements often result in reduced vision and depth. Horner syndrome is caused by damage to a certain pathway in the sympathetic nervous system. Nystagmus is a vision condition in which the eyes make repetitive, uncontrolled movements.
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